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Total energy supply (TES) reflects the total amount of primary energy used in a specific country, accounting for the flow of energy imports and exports. Some of these energy sources are used directly while most are transformed into fuels or electricity for final consumption.

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The 2024 U.S. Data Sheet is available at: https://lancetcountdown.org/country-resources.

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Cerceo E, Singh H. National policies to accelerate climate action
in US healthcare. Nat Clim Chang 2024; 14: 889–91.

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Sorensen C, Dresser C, Balakumar A, et al. Extramural US
federal research grants for health outcomes associated with
climate change inadequate, too narrow in focus. Health Aff
2023; 42: 1289–97.

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COP. Guiding Principles for Financing climate and health solutions.
COP28. https://www.cop28.com/en/guiding-principles
(accessed Oct 16, 2024).

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Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Financing
Global Health 2023: The Future of Health Financing in the
Post-Pandemic Era. University of Washington, 2023 https://
www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/FGH_2023_
Accessible_Digital_Version_with_Translations_2024.05.13.pdf.

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Falduto C, Noels J, Jachnik R. The New Collective Quantified
Goal on climate finance: Options for reflecting the role of
different sources, actors, and qualitative considerations. 2024.
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/paper/7b28309b-en.

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Battison S, Carvajal PE, Clapp C, et al. Chapter 15: Investment
and finance. In: Suhkla PR, Skea J, Slade R, et al., eds. IPCC,
2022: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change.
Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment
Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2022. https://
www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/chapter/chapter-15/ (accessed
Oct 17, 2024).

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UNEP. Adaptation Gap Report 2023: Underfinanced. Underprepared.
Inadequate investment and planning on climate
adaptation leaves world exposed. United Nations Environment
Programme, 2023 https://www.unep.org/resources/adaptation-
gap-report-2023.

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Progress Report on President Biden’s Climate Finance Pledge.
United States Department of State. 2023; published online
Dec 2. https://www.state.gov/progress-report-on-presidentbidens-
climate-finance-pledge/ (accessed Oct 16, 2024).